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Assessment of Prevalence and Factors Associated with Malnutrition Among Under-five Children in West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Tsegaye Benti Muse,
Meseret Ifa Wanjo,
Elias Teferi Bala,
Habtamu Oljira Desta
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
59-66
Received:
1 July 2019
Accepted:
23 July 2019
Published:
8 August 2019
Abstract: Malnutrition is a primary cause of child mortality and morbidity in developing countries, particularly during the first 5 years of life. Worldwide, under nutrition contributes to one third of under-five deaths which also plays a significant role as an underlying cause for growth problem in 230 million children and severe wasting in 50 million children. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition among under-five year children in West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on 374 under-five year children. Systematic random sampling was utilized to include study subjects into the study. Data were collected by using pre-tested structured questionnaire. The data were entered into epi data and transferred into SPSS and World Health Organization Anthro software for analysis. In order to identify significant predictors of malnutrition both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used. The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting were 40%, 24.9% and 13.8% respectively. Magnitude of wasting and underweight was higher for female children while stunting was higher for male children. In addition, malnutrition was more prevalent among rural children than urban dwellers. Antenatal care attendance was predictor of wasting whereas place of residence and growth monitoring were found to be predictors of stunting. In conclusion stunting was more prevalent among study subjects and antenatal care attendance, place of residence and growth monitoring were variables that showed significant association with malnutrition. Hence, there is a need to implement nutritional interventions in the study area giving priority to these identified factors.
Abstract: Malnutrition is a primary cause of child mortality and morbidity in developing countries, particularly during the first 5 years of life. Worldwide, under nutrition contributes to one third of under-five deaths which also plays a significant role as an underlying cause for growth problem in 230 million children and severe wasting in 50 million child...
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The Role of Nurses in Home Care in Alzheimer's Patients
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
67-70
Received:
28 June 2019
Accepted:
22 July 2019
Published:
8 August 2019
Abstract: It is aimed to reduce the negative effects of the disease and resulting problems with the most accurate medical and nursing approaches by ensuring that the patient is affected at least without changing the living conditions of the home care services, to increase the quality of life of patient as much as possible and to provide a comfortable death. Nursing services play an important role in establishing the connection between home and hospital within the scope of home care of Alzheimer's disease. Nurses can assist at home care by providing patient education family members in line with the needs of the patient, providing family participation in care, counseling and co-operation between the family and the hospital. As a result of these services, the quality of life the patient is increased and care burden of the caregivers is reduced. In this study, it was aimed to address the roles of nurses in Alzheimer's patients in the home care service in the home care of Alzheimer patients between the years 2009-2019. In this article, the studies were reviewed and an evaluation was made in the context of the roles/responsibilities of Alzheimer's patients and nurses.
Abstract: It is aimed to reduce the negative effects of the disease and resulting problems with the most accurate medical and nursing approaches by ensuring that the patient is affected at least without changing the living conditions of the home care services, to increase the quality of life of patient as much as possible and to provide a comfortable death. ...
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Determinants of First Line Anti-Retroviral Treatment Failure Among Adult Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients in Western Oromia Public Hospitals, West Ethiopia
Fraol Jaleta,
Alemayehu Getahun,
Getu Bayissa
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
71-78
Received:
1 July 2019
Accepted:
25 July 2019
Published:
2 September 2019
Abstract: Back ground: First line antiretroviral treatment failure has led to increased HIV associated mortality especially in resource limited setting. A determinant of First line antiretroviral treatment failure is not well studied in Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to identify determinants of first line treatment failure among adults living with HIV in western Oromia public hospitals, West Ethiopia. Method: Unmatched case control study was conducted at public hospitals of West Oromia using medical record review. Cases were adult HIV patients on ART in selected hospitals who were switched to second line ART regimen because of first line treatment failure in the past ten years (2005-2015) and Controls were adult HIV patients on ART in selected hospitals who were on first line ART for greater or equal to six month in the same years (2005-2015).Data was collected by trained nurses (counselors) using checklists developed from Ministry of Health ART follow up form and entered to EPi data version 3.1 and transferred to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. To identify determinants of first line anti-retroviral treatment failure, multivariate analysis with P-value <0.05 was done. Results: A total of 115 cases and 345 controls were included in the study. Baseline CD4 measure (AOR [95% CI] = 3.96 [1.84, 8.54]), regimen change due to drug stock out (AOR [95% CI] = 2.54 [1.38, 4.66]), treatment interruption (AOR [95% CI] = 5.09 [2.39, 10.82]), adverse effect of drug (AOR [95% CI] = 8.49 [1.87, 38.42]) and History of opportunistic infection (AOR [95% CI] = 2.15 [1.28, 3.64] were independently associated with first line antiretroviral treatment failure. Conclusion: Intervention for First line antiretroviral treatment failure needs to emphasize on regimen change due to drug stock out, treatment interruption, history of opportunistic infection, adverse effect of drug and base line CD4 <50cell/µ.
Abstract: Back ground: First line antiretroviral treatment failure has led to increased HIV associated mortality especially in resource limited setting. A determinant of First line antiretroviral treatment failure is not well studied in Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to identify determinants of first line treatment failure among adults living with ...
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Association Between Family History and the Onset Age of Essential Hypertension in Han Population in Shanghai China
Anle Li,
Qian Peng,
Yueqin Shao,
Yiying Zhang,
Xiang Fang
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
79-84
Received:
1 August 2019
Accepted:
23 August 2019
Published:
5 September 2019
Abstract: Genetic factor is one of important influencing factors of essential hypertension, and family history (FH) is an important marker of genetic factors. To explore the association between family history and the onset age of essential hypertension in Han population in Shanghai China. According to l:l matched pairs design, 342 cases of hypertension and 342 controls were selected and investigate their nuclear family members in the case-control study. The diagnostic information of hypertension in all relatives of these two groups was investigated. The method of genetic epidemiology research was used to explore the effect of family history. The average prevalence of hypertension was 23.32%. The prevalence of hypertension of first-degree relatives was 33.99%; the prevalence of second- degree relatives was 17.60%; the prevalence of third-degree relatives was 13.51%. All prevalence of hypertension of case group relatives were significantly higher than that of control group relatives. The average onset age in population with positive FH is 48.74±11.16 years old, and the average onset age in population with negative FH is 54.38±9.87 years old. The difference about two FH groups showed statistically significant (t=4.589, P<0.001). The average onset age of offspring with father, mother, grandpa, grandma, maternal grandpa or maternal grandma positive was respectively 48.42± 11.16, 49.16±11.12, 39.55±11.95, 39.88±11.90, 43.67±9.77 or 43.64±10.21 years old; and the average onset age of children with father, mother, grandpa, grandma, maternal grandpa or maternal grandma negative was respectively 51.90± 10.81, 51.17±11.04, 51.07±10.59, 51.08±10.60, 50.50±11.09 or 50.57±11.06 years old. The difference about two groups showed statistically significant. Family history has a positive effect on the occurrence of hypertension, and lead to earlier age of onset of offspring. The effects are different among parent and grandparent in Han in Shanghai China.
Abstract: Genetic factor is one of important influencing factors of essential hypertension, and family history (FH) is an important marker of genetic factors. To explore the association between family history and the onset age of essential hypertension in Han population in Shanghai China. According to l:l matched pairs design, 342 cases of hypertension and 3...
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Prevalence and Associated Risk Factor for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Southwestern Ethiopia: A Three-Year Retrospective Study
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
85-88
Received:
24 May 2019
Accepted:
18 July 2019
Published:
12 October 2019
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality among infectious diseases worldwide and 95% of TB cases and 98% of deaths due to tuberculosis occur in developing countries. Tuberculosis remains a major global health problem, responsible for ill health among millions of people each year, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. The study was aimed to identify the prevalence and associated risk factor of pulmonary TB patient in Woliso Town. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data and logistic regression was applied to check the association between the dependent and independent variables. A total of 547 TB patients were included from hospital records. Majority of the patients were female (59.6%) and rural residents (67.2%). In addition, clinical record of the patients showed that more than half (66.6%) and 181 (33.1%) were PTB- and PTB+ patients, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression result, there was significant effect on the prevalence of PTB being female (P=0.00), age between 31-45 year (p=0.03), age between 46-60 year (p=0.00), weight found between 41-61kg (p=0.015), rural residence (p=0.03), married patient (p=0.014) and relapse (p=0.000). The findings show that the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was high. The study also indicates that sex, age, residence, marital status, weight, and, condition of relapsing had significant effect on prevalence of PTB.
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality among infectious diseases worldwide and 95% of TB cases and 98% of deaths due to tuberculosis occur in developing countries. Tuberculosis remains a major global health problem, responsible for ill health among millions of people each year, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. Th...
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Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Icacinia manni Tuber on the Reproductive Parameters of Male Rats
Udokang Nsikak Ephraim,
Udom Utibe Godwin,
Osim Eme Efiom,
Antai Atim Bassey
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
89-99
Received:
10 September 2019
Accepted:
28 September 2019
Published:
20 October 2019
Abstract: The shift from the current energy sources in foods and feeds to a more available and affordable sources have been observed in recent times. This is in an attempt to balance food availability and utilization in the increasing population. A search for an appropriate and a less expensive energy source in poultry feeds has driven poultry farmers to research on Icacinia manni. This plant is widely available mostly in the tropical rain forest in Africa as a wild shrub with large underground tubers of high carbohydrate content. This study was carried out on male rats with Icacinia manni tuber, a product that has been observed to supplement other energy sources in foods and feeds. This research work examined the effects of crude ethanolic extract of Icacinia manni tuber on Sex hormonal levels, Seminalysis and Testicular histology of albino Wistar rats. A total of 40 rats divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) of ten rats each were used for this study. The Icaciania manni tuber was extracted using ethanol. The median lethal dose (LD50) of 894.43 mg/kg of the extract was estimated using albino Wistar mice by intra peritoneal (Ip) route using the method of Larke (1983). Group A served as the control and was treated with distilled water at 5ml/kg. Group B, C and D were the experimental (treated) groups gavaged with 1/10, 2/10 and 3/10 of LD50 respectively for 28 days. On the 28th day, the animals were anaesthetized with chloroform and sacrificed. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture, centrifuged and serum obtained for hormonal assay. Abdominal dissection was extended to recover the testis for histology and epididymis for seminalysis. The result revealed a highly significant (p>0.05) decrease in testosterone and progesterone levels in group D compared with the control. Apart from estradiol level which was not statistically affected, other hormone levels were increased (p>0.05) in group D compared with the control group. The decrease in sperm concentration was also observed in the treated groups when compared with the control group. The sperm morphology showed severe damage on sperm especially at the neck and head region in the treated group compared to control group. Sperm motility was significantly reduced in the treated groups compared to control group. Histologically, damages to most part of the testis were observed in the treated groups compared to control group. This study finally projects that Icacinia manni tuber has deteriorating effect on male reproductive health.
Abstract: The shift from the current energy sources in foods and feeds to a more available and affordable sources have been observed in recent times. This is in an attempt to balance food availability and utilization in the increasing population. A search for an appropriate and a less expensive energy source in poultry feeds has driven poultry farmers to res...
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