Globally, it has been reported that 38% of people live in areas with iodine deficiency and are at risk of its complications. The main health concern of iodine deficiency during pregnancy is its negative effect on the brain and nervous system of unborn infants. Despite the national availability of iodized salt was 89%, adequate utilization of iodized salt is only 41.9%. Hence, this study was to assess utilization of iodized salt and factors associated among pregnant mothers in Kimbibit District. Community based cross-sectional study design was conducted. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a total sample of 555 pregnant mothers. Single population proportion formula and Stat. calc software were used to calculate the required sample size. Data were collected using interview administered pretested questionnaire and iodized salt test kit. Collected data were entered using Epi info 7 and then exported to SPSS 20 for further analyses. Descriptive statistics were used to describe important variables and binary logistic regression was used to identify candidate independent variables. P< 0.05 was used for testing significance and AOR with 95%CI was used to identify the strength of association between dependent and independent variables. From the total respondents, 48.1% (95%CI: 44.1%, 52.1%) of them adequately use iodized salt. Mother with formal education (AOR, 2.46; 95%CI: 1.70, 3.56), urban residents (AOR, 1.80; 95%CI: 1.14, 2.93), purchasing from open markets (AOR, 0.35; 95%CI: 0.23, 0.50), storing at sun light (AOR, 0.24; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.45) and storing more than two months (AOR, 0.64; 95%CI: 0.42, 0.98) were independent factors significantly affect adequate utilization of iodized salt. Utilization of iodized salt was low compared to the standard. Mother’s education, residence, place of purchase, place of storage and duration of storage were independent factors which significantly affect adequate utilization.
| Published in | American Journal of Health Research (Volume 9, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajhr.20210903.14 |
| Page(s) | 89-99 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Iodized Salt, Pregnant Mothers, Kimbibit, Adequate Utilization
| [1] | Hine T. Assessment of iodine knowledge belief and practice of pregnant women attending western Australia's only tertiary women and neonatal hospital. Malebourne: Curtin university school of public health; 2016. |
| [2] | Meseret Mamo Bazezew WWYaAkB. Knowledge and practice of iodized salt utilization among reproductive women in Addis: BMC research notes; 2018. |
| [3] | Report Enms. Ethiopian national micronutrient survey: Ethiopian public health institute; 2016. |
| [4] | El-Mani SF. Knowledge, behavior and practice of pregnant women in Wollongong regarding of folic acid and iodine nutrition after the introduction of a mandatory fortification program: university of Wollongog thesis collection; 2013. |
| [5] | Kulwant Lakra PR. Pregnancy Outcome of Iodine Deficiency: A Study on Tribal Women in Orissa 2013. |
| [6] | L G Holme IA, A M Lilleegen. Knowledge about iodine in pregnant and lactating women in Oslo area, Norway 2017. |
| [7] | David L. Simpong PA, Rashid Bashiru, Martin T. Morna, Francis A. Yeboah, Kafui Akakpo and Richard K. D. Ephraim. Assessment of iodine status among pregnant women in a rural community in Ghana: Researcher gate; 2016. |
| [8] | Wegrecki KJ, Sadig RR, Aramideh J. Iodine deficiency in pregnant women pre-and post mandatory iodine fortification in Australia-an epidemiological review. |
| [9] | Samuel Dessu ZD, Getu Alemu. Assessment of Knowledge on Iodized Salt Utilization and Associated Factors among Households in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia: College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa Ethiopia; 2018. |
| [10] | Gerensa H, Yohannes A, Baymot B. Knowledge, attitude and practice towards iodized salt utilization in the Hawelti kebelle, Axum, Tigray, Ethiopia 2016. |
| [11] | Hailu S, M W, Woldie H. Iodine deficiency and associated factors among school children -Cross sectional study in Ethiopia: archieves of public health; 2016. |
| [12] | Maalouf J, Yuan K, Perrine CJ. Iodine salt sales in the united states 2015. |
| [13] | Wondimagegn Paulos Kumma YH, Junayde Abdurrahman, and Yohannes Mehretie Adinew. Factors Affecting the Presence of Adequately Iodized Salt at Home in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia: Community Based Study. Sodo: College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia; 2018. |
| [14] | De Zoysa zed HM, Jayathilaka kapw, Liyanage Kdce. Knowledge and practice of iodine salt consumption among pregnant women in Galle district: Galle medical journal; 2015. |
| [15] | Keno T, Threns C, Hauvai J, Kurabachew H. Iodine status on pregnant women and school children of Aira district, ethiopia: NFS journal; 2017. |
| [16] | Ferede A. Evaluation of quantity and access of iodized salt using titration method in Arsi zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia in 2018: A Community based cross sectional study: Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Ethiopia. |
| [17] | Tefera Chane Mekonnen SE, Yitbarek Wasihun, Mastewal Arefaynie, Nigus Cherie. Availability of adequately iodized salt at household level in Dessie and Combolcha Towns, South Wollo, Ethiopia 2018. |
| [18] | Abdurrahman KaluTololu FAG, Dereje Birhanu Abitew. Coverage of Iodized Salt and Associated Factors at Household Level in Goba Town, Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia. Goba: Department of Public Health, Goba Referral Hospital, Madawalabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia; 2016. |
| [19] | Hailu AA. Remarkable progress against iodine deficiency in Ethiopia: EPHI; 2017. |
| [20] | EDHS. Ethiopian demographic and health survey: FMOH; 2016. |
| [21] | M KR, Ittermann T, Volzke H. Factors affecting sustainable iodine deficiency elimination in Pakistan-a goal perspective 2017. |
| [22] | Dereje Dillu JH. Iodine deficiency disorder and its correlates among antenatal care service users from Northwest Ethiopia: Evidence from Lai-Gayint District 2013. |
| [23] | Tirhas M, Gegratsadik, Aron M. Progress and challenge on eliminating iodine deficiency in ethiopia: a systematic review: MBC nutrition; 2016. |
| [24] | Aweke Kebede GA, Adamu Belay and Cherinet Abuye. Iodine deficiency disorder in Burie and Womberma district, west Gojjam, Ethiopia: European journal of nutrition and food saftey; 2015. |
| [25] | Hailay Gebrearegawi Gebremariam MEY, and Digsu Negese Koye. Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt at Household Level and Associated Factors in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia: North Gondar Zonal Health Department, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2013. |
| [26] | Tweneboa M. Determinants of the use of iodized salt among pregnant women attending antinatal care at the Kaneshie polyclinic: University of Ghana; 2015. |
| [27] | Bougma K. Effects of iodine salt on children mental and physical development in Amhara region, Ethiopia: McGill university; 2016. |
| [28] | Mesele M, Degu G, Gebrehiwot H. Prevalence and associated factors of goiter among rural children age 6-12 years old on north west ethiopia: Mbc public health; 2014. |
| [29] | Wolka E SS, Biadgilign S. The effect of iodine-deficiency disorders on academic achievement of schoolchildren in Southern Ethiopia.: Public Health Nutr.; 2014. |
| [30] | ENRHI/FMOH. The Cost of hunger in Ethiopia: Implication forfor the groth and transformation of Ethiopia: Ethiopian health and nutrition institute; 2012. |
| [31] | Newspaper I. International council for control of iodine deficiency disorders. |
| [32] | Zerfu D. National salt iodization coverage toward prevention of iodine deficiency disorder in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Ethiopian Public Health Institute; 2014. |
| [33] | IG. N. IDDNEWSLETTER 2014. |
| [34] | FDRE, FMOH. National guideline on maternal, infant and young children nutrition 2015. |
| [35] | Mustapha Immurana AU. Determinants of Iodized Salt Utilization among Households with Children Under-Five in Ghana 2018. |
| [36] | Ambaye TG. Knowledge of iodine deficiency disorders and intake of iodized salt in residence of mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia 2015. |
| [37] | Hawas SB LS, Mengesha ST, Demissie HF and Segni MT. Proper utilization of adequately iodized salt at household level and associated factors in Asella town Arsi Zone, ethiopia: Community based cross sectional study: Journal of food processing and technology; 2016. |
| [38] | Eden Leka Lench DG, Menen Zegeye Kidist Fikre, Fikadu Reta, Tafese Bosha. Assessment of Handling Practices, Utilization and Concentration of Iodine in Iodized Salt at Wondo Genet town, Southern Ethiopia: A Crossectional Study 2017. |
| [39] | Kweku M, Takhramah W, Parbey PA. Availability of adequately iodized salt at household level and associated factor to iodized salt use among household in rural community in Hohoe Ghana: World journal of pharmaceutical and medical research; 2017. |
| [40] | B Gidey Ka, A Atinafu. Availability of adequate iodized salt at household level and associated factors in rural community in Laelay Maychew district, North Ethiopia: A cross sectional study: Journal of Nutrition and Health Sciences; 2015. |
| [41] | Mengistu Fereja SG, Tafere Gebreegziabher, Meron Girma. Prevalence of iodine deficiency and associated factors among pregnant women in Ada district, Oromia region, Ethiopia: a cross- sectional study: School of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Hawassa University; 2018. |
| [42] | Anjan Datta NK, KaushikNag, Simul Singha. A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Household Consumption of Iodized Salt among Selected Urban Women of Tripura, India 2018. |
| [43] | Jacky M Knowles GSG, Jonathan Gorstein, Roland Kupka, Ruth Situma, Kapil Yadav,. Household Coverage with Adequately Iodized Salt Varies Greatly between Countries and by 2018. |
| [44] | Mannar MGV. Making salt iodization truly universal by 2020: IDD NEWSLETTER 2014. |
| [45] | Zegeye Abebe ATaEG. Availability of adequately iodized salt in North west Ethiopia: cross sectional study: Archeive of public health; 2017. |
APA Style
Tola AberaTesema, Haji Aman Deybasso, Ebrahim Mohammed Gebaba. (2021). Utilization of Iodized Salt and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Mothers in Kimbibit District, North Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. American Journal of Health Research, 9(3), 89-99. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20210903.14
ACS Style
Tola AberaTesema; Haji Aman Deybasso; Ebrahim Mohammed Gebaba. Utilization of Iodized Salt and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Mothers in Kimbibit District, North Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Am. J. Health Res. 2021, 9(3), 89-99. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20210903.14
AMA Style
Tola AberaTesema, Haji Aman Deybasso, Ebrahim Mohammed Gebaba. Utilization of Iodized Salt and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Mothers in Kimbibit District, North Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Am J Health Res. 2021;9(3):89-99. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20210903.14
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20210903.14,
author = {Tola AberaTesema and Haji Aman Deybasso and Ebrahim Mohammed Gebaba},
title = {Utilization of Iodized Salt and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Mothers in Kimbibit District, North Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia},
journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {89-99},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20210903.14},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20210903.14},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20210903.14},
abstract = {Globally, it has been reported that 38% of people live in areas with iodine deficiency and are at risk of its complications. The main health concern of iodine deficiency during pregnancy is its negative effect on the brain and nervous system of unborn infants. Despite the national availability of iodized salt was 89%, adequate utilization of iodized salt is only 41.9%. Hence, this study was to assess utilization of iodized salt and factors associated among pregnant mothers in Kimbibit District. Community based cross-sectional study design was conducted. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a total sample of 555 pregnant mothers. Single population proportion formula and Stat. calc software were used to calculate the required sample size. Data were collected using interview administered pretested questionnaire and iodized salt test kit. Collected data were entered using Epi info 7 and then exported to SPSS 20 for further analyses. Descriptive statistics were used to describe important variables and binary logistic regression was used to identify candidate independent variables. P< 0.05 was used for testing significance and AOR with 95%CI was used to identify the strength of association between dependent and independent variables. From the total respondents, 48.1% (95%CI: 44.1%, 52.1%) of them adequately use iodized salt. Mother with formal education (AOR, 2.46; 95%CI: 1.70, 3.56), urban residents (AOR, 1.80; 95%CI: 1.14, 2.93), purchasing from open markets (AOR, 0.35; 95%CI: 0.23, 0.50), storing at sun light (AOR, 0.24; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.45) and storing more than two months (AOR, 0.64; 95%CI: 0.42, 0.98) were independent factors significantly affect adequate utilization of iodized salt. Utilization of iodized salt was low compared to the standard. Mother’s education, residence, place of purchase, place of storage and duration of storage were independent factors which significantly affect adequate utilization.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Utilization of Iodized Salt and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Mothers in Kimbibit District, North Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia AU - Tola AberaTesema AU - Haji Aman Deybasso AU - Ebrahim Mohammed Gebaba Y1 - 2021/06/21 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20210903.14 DO - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20210903.14 T2 - American Journal of Health Research JF - American Journal of Health Research JO - American Journal of Health Research SP - 89 EP - 99 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8796 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20210903.14 AB - Globally, it has been reported that 38% of people live in areas with iodine deficiency and are at risk of its complications. The main health concern of iodine deficiency during pregnancy is its negative effect on the brain and nervous system of unborn infants. Despite the national availability of iodized salt was 89%, adequate utilization of iodized salt is only 41.9%. Hence, this study was to assess utilization of iodized salt and factors associated among pregnant mothers in Kimbibit District. Community based cross-sectional study design was conducted. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a total sample of 555 pregnant mothers. Single population proportion formula and Stat. calc software were used to calculate the required sample size. Data were collected using interview administered pretested questionnaire and iodized salt test kit. Collected data were entered using Epi info 7 and then exported to SPSS 20 for further analyses. Descriptive statistics were used to describe important variables and binary logistic regression was used to identify candidate independent variables. P< 0.05 was used for testing significance and AOR with 95%CI was used to identify the strength of association between dependent and independent variables. From the total respondents, 48.1% (95%CI: 44.1%, 52.1%) of them adequately use iodized salt. Mother with formal education (AOR, 2.46; 95%CI: 1.70, 3.56), urban residents (AOR, 1.80; 95%CI: 1.14, 2.93), purchasing from open markets (AOR, 0.35; 95%CI: 0.23, 0.50), storing at sun light (AOR, 0.24; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.45) and storing more than two months (AOR, 0.64; 95%CI: 0.42, 0.98) were independent factors significantly affect adequate utilization of iodized salt. Utilization of iodized salt was low compared to the standard. Mother’s education, residence, place of purchase, place of storage and duration of storage were independent factors which significantly affect adequate utilization. VL - 9 IS - 3 ER -
Email: