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Review Article
Factor V Leiden (G1691A), Prothrombin (G20210A) and MTHFR (C677T) Mutations in Yemeni Subjects Tested for Thrombophilia
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2025
Pages:
131-138
Received:
8 January 2025
Accepted:
12 March 2025
Published:
24 May 2025
Abstract: The Factor V Leiden (G1691A), Prothrombin gene (G20210A) and MTHFR (C677T) mutations are the significant biomarkers for evaluation of tendency for venous thrombosis. The objective of our study was to assess the frequency of factor V Leiden (G1691A), Prothrombin (G20210A) and MTHFR (C677T) variants in Yemeni subjects tested for thrombophilia. Methods: Our study included 441 thrombophilia subjects (138 subjects for FVL (G1691A) mutation, 164 subjects for PT (G20210A) mutation and 139 for MTHFR (C677T) mutation) who were genotyped by method of SNP Genotyping Assay (FVL, PT and MTHFR variants Real Time PCR Kits), and the allele frequencies of factor V Leiden (G1691A), prothrombin (G20210A), and MTHFR (C677T) mutations were calculated. The laboratory data of patients tested were reviewed and analyzed in the Aulaqi specialized medical laboratories. Results: Factor V Leiden (G1691A) mutation was present in 10% of all subjects (heterozygotes: 10%, homozygotes mutant: 0%). Prothrombin (G20210A) mutation was found in 8.5% of subjects (heterozygotes: 7.3%, homozygotes mutant: 1.2%) and MTHFR (C677T) mutation in 39.5% of subjects (heterozygotes: 34.5%, homozygotes mutant: 5%). Conclusion: This study reports high prevalence of FVL (G1691A), PT (G20210A) and MTHFR (C677T) mutations among subjects with thrombophilia. Consequently, genotyping assay for of the three thrombotic gene mutations have a priority in the evaluation of subjects with thrombophilia, as well as in the screening for additional clinical conditions correlated with an elevated risk of thrombosis in Sana'a city-Yemen.
Abstract: The Factor V Leiden (G1691A), Prothrombin gene (G20210A) and MTHFR (C677T) mutations are the significant biomarkers for evaluation of tendency for venous thrombosis. The objective of our study was to assess the frequency of factor V Leiden (G1691A), Prothrombin (G20210A) and MTHFR (C677T) variants in Yemeni subjects tested for thrombophilia. Method...
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Research Article
Evaluating the Effectiveness of One Stop Crisis Centre in Responding to Gender-Based Violence in Bangladesh
Shanta Saha
,
Alahi Khandaker*,
Anupam Saha,
Rumana Yasmin Ferdausi
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2025
Pages:
139-144
Received:
18 April 2025
Accepted:
24 April 2025
Published:
29 May 2025
Abstract: Background: Gender-based violence represents a critical challenge in Bangladesh, with one-stop crisis center serving as essential facilities for survivors seeking medical care, legal aid, and psychosocial support. Limited comprehensive data exists on victim profiles, violence characteristics, and service effectiveness at these centers, particularly in urban settings like Chittagong. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of one stop crisis centres in responding to gender-based violence in Bangladesh. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study of 124 GBV victims at the One-stop Crisis Center (OCC), Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Data collection included structured interviews and medical record reviews, with analysis performed using SPSS version 23.0. Statistical methods included descriptive analyses, chi-square tests, linear regression, and t-tests. Results: The study revealed 46.8% of victims were aged 20-29 years, with 91.9% female. Physical assault by husbands (22.6% dowry-related) and sexual assault by neighbors (17.7%) were predominant. While 68.5% strongly endorsed medical care, legal/financial support showed lower satisfaction (25.8% neutral). Married victims reported higher satisfaction than unmarried (p=0.015). Education level showed no significant association with injury type (χ²=3.82, p=0.28). However, higher education predicted greater satisfaction with legal support (β=0.28, p=0.012). These findings highlight important relationships between victim characteristics and service experiences. Conclusion: This study reveals critical gaps in Bangladesh's GBV response, particularly in legal and financial support services. While medical care was effective, comprehensive reforms are needed to address socioeconomic vulnerabilities and ensure equitable services for all victims, especially unmarried women and adolescents. Integrated, victim-centered approaches remain essential.
Abstract: Background: Gender-based violence represents a critical challenge in Bangladesh, with one-stop crisis center serving as essential facilities for survivors seeking medical care, legal aid, and psychosocial support. Limited comprehensive data exists on victim profiles, violence characteristics, and service effectiveness at these centers, particularly...
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Research Article
Study on Functional Outcome of VDRO in Late-Presenting Perthes Disease in Paediatric
Mohammad Asaduzzaman*,
Quazi Shahid-ul Alam
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2025
Pages:
145-150
Received:
23 April 2025
Accepted:
6 May 2025
Published:
6 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20251303.13
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Abstract: Background: Perthes disease is a pediatric hip disorder characterized by avascular necrosis of the femoral head, with late presentation (after age seven) often associated with poor prognosis and controversy over optimal management. This study aims to assess the functional outcomes of varus derotation osteotomy (VDRO) in children with late-presenting Perthes disease. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the functional outcomes of Varus Derotation Osteotomy (VDRO) in paediatric patients with late-presenting Perthes disease. Methods: This prospective study at the Department of Orthopaedics, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital (2023-24) evaluated VDRO in 14 children (8-12 years) with unilateral Perthes (Herring B/C). Patients underwent subtrochanteric osteotomy (15-20° varus correction, DCP fixation) followed by 6-week spica casting. Functional outcomes were assessed using Harris Hip Score over 6 months. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25. Results: This study included 14 paediatric patients with late-presenting Perthes disease treated by VDRO. Most were aged 8–10 years (64.29%) and male (71.00%), with right-side involvement in 57.14%. Based on the modified Elizabethtown classification, Stage I B was most common, and 57.14% were classified as Herring’s Group B. Postoperatively, 57.14% had excellent to good outcomes per Harris Hip Score, while complications were minimal, with hypertrophic scar being the most frequent. Conclusion: VDRO is an effective treatment for late-presenting LCPD in adolescents, yielding favorable functional outcomes and manageable complications.
Abstract: Background: Perthes disease is a pediatric hip disorder characterized by avascular necrosis of the femoral head, with late presentation (after age seven) often associated with poor prognosis and controversy over optimal management. This study aims to assess the functional outcomes of varus derotation osteotomy (VDRO) in children with late-presentin...
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Research Article
Evaluation of Training Effectiveness on Physician Behavior Toward Standard Precautions in High-risk Patient Care
Tohura Sharmin*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2025
Pages:
151-157
Received:
13 May 2025
Accepted:
26 May 2025
Published:
10 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20251303.14
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Abstract: Background: Healthcare facilities struggle to maintain sufficient compliance levels for standard precautions in their infection prevention measures, especially in developing regions. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of training on standard precautions in physicians' behavior in the high-risk patient care departments. Methodology: A 2-hour SP training evaluated its impact on physician behavior in high-risk clinical zones at two tertiary hospitals in Bangladesh through this quasi-experimental research. Data analysis was done by using MS Excel and SPSS version 26.0 software. Results: Pre-training compliance together with post-training evaluations among 120 physicians showed that their compliance reached statistically significant improvements in all areas including hand hygiene (82%) and PPE use (75%), sharps safety (89%) and surface disinfection (78%) which led to a total increase from 55% to 82% (p<0.001). Physicians compliance with the training intervention improved significantly, going from 55% to 82% (p<0.001) in terms of hand hygiene (58% to 82%), PPE use (45% to 75%), sharps safety (62% to 89%), and surface disinfection (50% to 78%). Three-month follow-up data showed that although 75% of physicians were retained, crucial components still required extra training refresher sessions. Conclusion: Notwithstanding its research limitations, such as a single-region examination and dependent reporting of information, the study shows that structured SP training has immediate effects on healthcare practices. Regular simulation-based standardized patient education should be made mandatory by health institutions to close compliance deficits within high-risk zones, specifically in areas with minimal resources.
Abstract: Background: Healthcare facilities struggle to maintain sufficient compliance levels for standard precautions in their infection prevention measures, especially in developing regions. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of training on standard precautions in physicians' behavior in the high-risk patient care departments. Methodo...
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Research Article
Using Scorecard to Improve Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, Child and Adolescent Health Performance Indicators in Public Primary Health Facilities, Kenya
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2025
Pages:
158-167
Received:
8 April 2025
Accepted:
23 April 2025
Published:
11 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20251303.15
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Abstract: The study investigated factors associated with the use of scorecards to improve RMNCAH performance indicators in public primary care health facilities in Kwale and Kilifi counties. It employed a mixed-methods quasi-experimental research design and randomly sampled 119 participants. The investigators collected data through questionnaires, key informant interviews and FGD. Nurses employed scorecards more frequently than RCOs (p = 0.007), and the intervention group contained a higher percentage of healthcare workers between 30 and 39 years old (p = 0.004). Rural facilities had the highest scorecard usage (p = 0.034). Facility type, sex, and staff size were not significantly associated with scorecard use. At baseline, 74% of intervention facilities monitored RMNCAH indicators compared to 99% of control facilities (p = 0.134). However, by the endline, all intervention facilities (100%) monitored RMNCAH performance, while the control facilities decreased to 98%. In addition, at baseline majority of facilities in the intervention group (76%) monitored performance monthly, compared to 56% in the control group (p = 0.006). By the endline, 92% of intervention facilities monitored monthly, while only 53% of control facilities did so (p = 0.001). Regarding the analysis of RMNCAH data, at baseline, 85% of intervention facilities analyzed RMNCAH data compared to 93% in the control group. However, by the endline, 95% of facilities in both groups were analyzing data, hence data analysis is generally well-integrated in both settings (p = 0.000). The study revealed that at baseline, most HCWs in the intervention group (73%) had a low rating for behavioral factors, but this decreased significantly to just 5% at endline (Chi-Square = 21.68, p < 0.001). The study established that behavioral change interventions improved healthcare workers' (HCWs) engagement with performance monitoring tools, and high behavioral ratings rose from 27% to 95% in the intervention group. However, 63% of HCWs in the control group rated behavioral factors as low at endline. The intervention group experienced an increase in staff involvement in performance review meetings from baseline to the endline of the study period (Chi-Square = 16.00, p = 0.220). Involved representatives rose from 47% to 97% at endline. DDIU training coverage within the intervention group grew from 84% to 97% (Chi-Square = 21.01, p = 0.030) while the control group maintained its 84% rate. The adoption of scorecards for RMNCAH monitoring required education, experience, training, a positive assessment of facility performance and strong leadership combined with perceived facility competence.
Abstract: The study investigated factors associated with the use of scorecards to improve RMNCAH performance indicators in public primary care health facilities in Kwale and Kilifi counties. It employed a mixed-methods quasi-experimental research design and randomly sampled 119 participants. The investigators collected data through questionnaires, key inform...
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Research Article
Cognitive Decline Trajectories and Their Determinants in Middle-aged and Elderly Chinese
Bin-Bin Wu,
Chao-Yue Ku,
Rui-Zhe Wang,
Man Dai,
Zhi-Guang Ping*,
Li Liu
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2025
Pages:
168-177
Received:
17 March 2025
Accepted:
18 May 2025
Published:
11 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20251303.16
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Abstract: Objective: This study examined trajectories of cognitive decline in a large nationally representative sample of middle-aged and elderly people in Chinese during 5 years of follow-up, then, explored the factors that influenced the cognitive function decline. Methods: Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study cohort (CHARLS: 2011-2015), were analyzed. Totally, 2379 participants (aged 45 years or older) were included. The Latent Class Growth Analyses (LCGA) were used to identify the potential heterogeneity in longitudinal changes of cognitive function and BMI (Body Mass Index) over the past 5 years. And Logistic Regression models were used to explore the factors affecting cognitive decline. Results: The mean score of baseline cognitive function was 14.14 (SD = 1.33). Three trajectories of cognitive function were identified: High-Slow decline (54.1%), Moderate-stable (34.9%), and Moderate-Rapid decline (10.9%). Maintaining a High BMI, living in urban, having a high level of education, people who drink but less than once a month tends to be associated with better cognitive function, older people with depression are more likely to suffer from cognitive decline. Conclusions: Cognitive function was identified into three trajectories in the Chinese middle-aged and elderly population. BMI, place of residence, alcohol consumption, age and depression were found to be potential determinants of cognitive decline, and these factors, especially the modifiable risk factors, should be controlled in life to reduce the occurrence of cognitive decline.
Abstract: Objective: This study examined trajectories of cognitive decline in a large nationally representative sample of middle-aged and elderly people in Chinese during 5 years of follow-up, then, explored the factors that influenced the cognitive function decline. Methods: Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study cohort (CHARLS: 2011-2...
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Research Article
Research on Performance Management Indicators for the Use of China's Local Basic Medical Insurance Funds — A Study Conducted on 86 Normative Documents
Liang Zhang*,
Honghong Li
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2025
Pages:
178-185
Received:
21 April 2025
Accepted:
3 June 2025
Published:
11 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20251303.17
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Abstract: The scientific design of performance indicators for the use of medical insurance funds contributes to the dynamic development of China's medical insurance management from extensive to refined, from rigid to dynamic, and from procedural fairness to substantive fairness. This study conducted a literature review on the local legislative or policy norms regarding medical insurance performance indicators in 86 cities in China, analyzed the current status and existing problems in the design of medical insurance performance indicators in China, and finally proposed suggestions for future improvement paths. Research has found that in China, the basic framework for medical insurance performance has been established in various regions, including indicator objects, indicator content, assessment methods, and result application. However, there are still many imperfections in the design of China's medical insurance performance indicators, such as the lack of regional differences and an obvious "one size fits all" phenomenon, a lack of scientificity in the design of indicators, a single assessment subject, a lack of diversity in participation, and an imbalance in the reward and punishment mechanism. The core contradiction lies in the imbalance between "cost control targets" and "medical service laws" and "patient health needs." This study helps provide a macro-level overall understanding of the design of current Chinese medical insurance performance indicators.
Abstract: The scientific design of performance indicators for the use of medical insurance funds contributes to the dynamic development of China's medical insurance management from extensive to refined, from rigid to dynamic, and from procedural fairness to substantive fairness. This study conducted a literature review on the local legislative or policy norm...
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